Nine primitive reflexes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Results of a case-control study

This study estimated the frequency and assessed the clinical value of nine primitive reflexes (PR) in 78 AIDS cases, comparing them with 81 matched, seronegative controls. All subjects were evaluated with a standardized neurologic examination that included a Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). Fifty-six percent had cognitive impairment and PR. Overall, PR were 2-36 times more frequent in cases. Such association was univariately stronger for the glabellar, snout, and Rossolimo signs. Ninety-two percent of cases had > or = 2 PR vs. 8{f607f86846ba214ecc118a24d8f221d0f6091e2f284aa65c23a2cf36879dc8e8} of controls, who had up to 2 PR (p < 0.0001; 95 CI: 68{f607f86846ba214ecc118a24d8f221d0f6091e2f284aa65c23a2cf36879dc8e8} to 100{f607f86846ba214ecc118a24d8f221d0f6091e2f284aa65c23a2cf36879dc8e8}). We were able isolate or show opportunistic pathogens in CSF of 4 out of 43 cases. This study supports the association of PR to cognitive decline in patients with AIDS. Larger, long term follow-up studies with multivariate analysis in Latin America are needed to identify the PR that can serve as reliable indicators of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated cognitive/motor complex.